The neutrality of living spaces in the Urban environment and man’s lack of space in the Urban structure both indicate that contemporary man is suffering from homelessness and lack of space. That is why citizens and Urban dwellers have lost their identity and their interaction with the environment. The mission of Urban planning is to enhance Urban spaces to places in which social and human values can be manifested.Phenomenology has the potential to create meaningful environments and call for a sense of place, spirit of place, and meaning of place, all of which being the basic elements of the identity of a place. The results of the present study have shown that it is not needed to look for a new designing style, instead, it is necessary to search for traditional meanings and values in the architecture and construction of cities with especial attention to phenomenological approach.

This article attempts to study the contexts, reasons and consequences of feeling insecurity among women in Urban public places. The field of study is Urban public places in Sanandaj. A sample is selected by theoretical purposes sampling and they were interviewed by way of deep individual interviews. The findings show that feeling insecurity among women in Urban public places is due to causes like “structural tensions” and “sociofobia” as well as circumstances such as “violent places” and “self representation”. Women also believe that their insecurity feelings are amplified by specific reasons and motivations visible in men words, behaviors and gestures. The most important of these reasons/motivations are: “appetence of relation” & “Frustration/aggression”. This Insecurity feeling of women has individual and collective consequences that made them to adopt “Precautionary actions”, such as secrecy and silence. These insecurity feelings are also visible in social level.

The major goal of the present study was to examine and analyze the influence of social effects of sport places on the city of Isfahan. The method of this research was descriptive and statistical samples included the total number of 185 of the inhabitants, officials sport experts who were working and living there at that time. Whole sample answered to the researcher made questionnaire. Validity and reliability was proved and its reliability was 0.86 according to Cronbach alpha' test. The data has been analyzed in two different levels: descriptive and deductive statistics.Results: People and officials believed that the social effects of stadiums on Urban space were greater than the medium level. A significant difference was found between people's views and sport places officials in social effects of sport places on Urban environment and officials thought these effects are more significant.

The major goal of the present study was to examine and analyze the influence of economical environmental effects of sport places on the city of Isfahan. The method of this research was descriptive and statistical samples included the total number of 185 of the inhabitants, officials sport experts who were working and living their at that time. Whole sample answered to the researcher made questionnaire. Validity and reliability was proved and its reliability was 0.86 according to Cronbach. Alpha test study of leve of significance using one way t- test at a= 0.05 Percent in terms of obtained averages which was greater than 3, showed that people believe sports complexes have economic effects upon city environment. And, city executives believed that these complexes have positive economic effects upon city. The data has been analyzed in two different levels: descriptive and deductive statistics.Results: People believed that the economical effects of stadiums on Urban space were greater than the medium level. Officials believed that the economical effect of stadiums on Urban space was not found between people's views and sport places officials in economical effects of sport places on Urban environment.

The relationship between what the city receives from the environment and what the environmental geography transforms into an Urban environment in terms of its internal capacity (Urban settlement) and its functional roles (Urban habitation) leads to the formation of the desirable "spatial capacities" index. The purpose of this research is to identify and conceptually establish the factors that make up the Urban headquarters from the point of view of the capacities of the Urban place. Achieving this goal by using the analytical-adaptive method to compare the existing schools has been to develop a theory to recognize the concept of Urban headquarters. The findings of this research show that the constituent components of Urban headquarters can be identified in three categories: static, active, and functional, and in all stages of the Urban life cycle, they lead to the definition of the environmental and geographical capacities of cities in the form of the concept of Urban headquarters. Recognizing and expanding the idea of the constituent components of an Urban center with an emphasis on its conceptual separation from other concepts similar to Urban planning, as well as a focus on the coordination between different dimensions of the city location, are the most critical points of this research. Human interventions in the environmental capacities of cities cause a difference in the capacities of the existing Urban headquarters, with available capacities, and change the components of the Urban headquarters. Because Urban capacities, more than any factor of Urban and social geography, are related to existential capacities and environmental realities. As a result, for the spatial stability of cities, it is necessary to organize the components of the city center.

Cultural tourism is among recent postmodern approaches in satisfying the cultural needs of today’ s world. This study investigates the dynamics of Urban tourism places that can affect the attraction of cultural tourists. Firstly, Urban tourism places such as historical places were recognized by implementing an analytical approach, and a framework resulting from their constructing factors in the city was defined. Through analyzing the concepts and objectives of this research, the recognized places were identified as cultural tourism places in the city. Secondly, the researcher conducted an analytical approach to identify how these factors influence cultural tourist attraction using cultural tourists’ experiences to complete the framework and the resulting analytical model. Finally, to examine the research hypotheses in an Urban area, Paris City was selected as a case study. Cultural tourism places in Paris were categorize into three distinct groups: 1) permanent historical heritage and cultural or natural places, 2) temporary historical heritage and cultural or natural places, and 3) constant emergence of new art instances in the city resulting from revisiting the role of culture and substituting marginal artists and producing real cultural scenes in different Urban places. These three groups were assessed using cultural tourists’ experiences to shed light upon the effect of factors constructing cultural tourism placesas well as factors constructing experiences of cultural tourists. Based on the analyses, the results indicated that cultural tourists search for authentic experiences which come along with the presence of city’ s everyday life; such pluralist experiences which are creative in their today’ s origin that resulted from active participation of cultural tourists in Urban places. Such places are defined as connected factors of Urban cultural places separately or collectively. These places include historical, natural and contemporary cultural public realms, local public realms, unconventional Urban public realms, and recreational business public realms. These joined temporary or permanent open, semi-open and sometimes-close symbolic physical characteristics along with symbolic cultural social actions; interactions with the presence of cultural tourists and formation of cultural meanings based on their understanding from the spirit of the atmosphere produce a symbolic framework. Surely, places containing cultural meanings, such as artistic, historical, national, mythical, scientific, literary, ethnical, social and recreational, present cultural tourists with authentic and pluralist experiences that derived from understandings the life style and cultural meanings of the hosting society in different ways and can play effective role in attracting cultural tourists. It’ s worth mentioning that applying such places as a temporary or permanent localities in holding festival activities and events or presenting and introducing them in informal events to separate production and nonproduction for them in city’ s everyday life experience, can lead to creation of different meanings and interpretations of such places that rooted in the identity of these places. Creation of such individual readings and having as many understandings as those who experienced the atmosphere in these cultural places can be more influential in forming a creative meanings in attracting cultural tourists. Other influential factors can be socio-economic factors that can be subject of future investigations.

The cognition of the future intelligently accompanied with rapid developments of the society are the two main foundations of planning processes. The current applied research is descriptive-analytic based on library research as well as a field study in terms of methodology.347 participants were purposively selected as the sample from all residents in the city of Isfahan as the statistical population of the research. To achieve the objectives of the research, the eight indicators of third places (accessibility, inviting, dynamism and vitality, comfort and security, flexibility, performance, form, meaning and content) and the six indicators of social sustainability (social security, social interaction, social justice, social participation, sense of social belonging and social identity) were extracted. This research aims to explore the role of third places in social sustainability in the Urban districts of the city of Isfahan and to study its significant dimensions and components. DEMATEL method was used to analyze and rank cause and effect factors in discovering the trend of the pattern for the classification of sustainability components and the role of third places. The results of the cause and effect analysis through DEMATEL show that dynamism and vitality, and flexibility are the main and the most influential factors in increasing the social sustainability in Isfahan. The results also highlight the impact of combined components and indicators of the third place with different dimensions of the city on various aspects of sustainability including social sustainability, especially in the Urban districts in Isfahan.

Although in recent years, the issue of passive defense has become one of the key issues in the field of national security, but there is still a long way to go to reach the desired situation. Cities, and especially crowded places, are one of the environments that are always faced with a variety of threats due to the large population with high density. In fact, open access to crowded places greatly increases their potential vulnerability to military and political centers. Although the military attack is considered as the most important threat to military and political centers, threats to crowded places are military attacks, bombings, suicide attacks, car attacks, hostage-taking, strikes and internal insurgency, cyber-attacks and etc. Therefore, the present study tries to analyze the vulnerability of various crowded places in a descriptive-analytical method based on documentary studies and Delphi method. In this regard, 23 types of crowded places in cities have been identified and the extent of their impact from various threats has been determined based on receiving the opinion of an expert group (25 experts). The data is validated based on nonparametric analysis models and Kendall coefficient test in SPSS software and analyzed by the Hierarchical Clustering method. The findings show that if crowded places are clustered based on the most similarity in terms of threats, the "railway station" and "airport" fall into one cluster with the highest vulnerability. Also, "Metro Station", "Passenger Terminal", "Shrine of Imams / Imamzadehs", "Jameh Mosque" and "Mosque and Hosseiniyah" are located in a cluster with relatively high vulnerability. In the third cluster exists "mourning and marching paths", "assembly hall", "passage / department store", "sports stadium" and "cinema and theater" which are associated with moderate vulnerability.

Urban third place are places that bring people together, unplanned, suddenly and creatively, in order to build a community. Third places in Iran in its two international and traditional categories are mixed with Iranian culture and play a key role in people’ s lifestyles. Urban open-air cafes, considering their open form, which has a common chapter with Urban space and central landscape by branching from the architectural space, practically have a kind of public and semi-public spaces that are very important in shaping the social quality of Urban fabric. The present study is analytical-descriptive and in terms of aim, is evaluative and ultimately applied. The method of data collection is library and survey. In the present study, using the existing theoretical literature and data analysis using the content analysis method, the principles of formation of third places and also the quality of the socialization index and its conceptual framework were explained. In the case study, individuals were constructed in the form of Likert scale on a ranking scale, as a sample size based on the Cochran’ s formula with acceptable reliability and according to the average population of Tehran district 2, by simple random sampling method and also for evaluation some variables were improperly distributed and analyzed using SPSS software. The results show the high importance of Urban third places such as open-air cafes that can change the quality of Urban design in a context and increase the quality of socialization. According to these findings, the studied cafes have a situation in cases where variables such as social interactions in their three forms in the first place and also the qualities of aesthetics, flexibility of space, access and services in the second place have received high scores. It was more appropriate and also when variables such as dynamics, activity and comfort were moderate, variables such as climate and protection had the greatest impact.